Nanogel Based Artificial Chaperone Technology: an Overview

The purpose of this review article is to potentiate the use of nanogel based artificial chaperones as therapeutic approach in delivery of various molecules. Nanogel is a nanoscale drug delivery systems with enhanced surface area not only are capable of transmitting hydrophobic drugs in vitro and in vivo with improved drug bioavailability but also help to reduce side effects of drug. Nanogel chaperone technology is important in the regeneration of proteins from protein aggregations (inclusion bodies). Generally in living system an artificial host (chaperone) with a nanocage which selectively traps denatured proteins or their intermediates in order to prevent their irreversible aggregation with the aid of ATP and other co-chaperones, host chaperones releases proteins in its refolded form. Nanogel ensures a better carrier as artificial chaperones as they effectively prevent protein aggregation by forming nanogel protein complexes during protein refolding. Nanogel interacts with denatured proteins more strongly than native proteins. Nanogel system has been effective in assisting the refolding of proteins and renaturation of the inclusion body of recombinant protein. Current approaches used are amphiphilic polysaccharide nanogel as artificial chaperones in cellfree protein synthesis, heat shock protein-like activity of a nanogel artificial chaperone for citrate synthase etc. Thus the article basically focuses on the general approaches and a review of recent developments in this aspect.